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Contesting Charismatic Authority: Qadiri Sufism in Iraqi Kurdistan
Abstract by Dr. Edith Szanto On Session 213  (Modern Sufism)

On Monday, November 24 at 5:00 pm

2014 Annual Meeting

Abstract
The Kasnazani Qadiris are ecstatic Sufis. They pierce, cut, stab themselves, and eat glass in order to prove their shaykh’s baraka (divine blessing or saintly beneficence). “With God’s and the shaykh’s permission, nothing happens to us and the wounds heal right away,” explains Calipha Abd al-Rahman, who is Shaykh Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Kasnazani’s representative in Sulaymaniyya, which is located in the Kurdish region of Iraq. While Sulaymaniyya currently hosts the largest Kasnazani Sufi lodge in Iraq, the shaykh who hails from the ethnically mixed city of Kirkuk lives in Jordan. Hence, it is in the shaykh’s physical absence that the Kasnazani Sufis perform self-mortification rituals embodying his metaphysical authority. Unlike his father, the shaykh’s son and successor Nehro Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Kasnazani lives in Iraq. Yet despite the fact that he is poised to take over the leadership of the Sufi order, Nehro rarely appears at the Kasnazani lodge in Sulaymaniyya. Instead, his followers are more likely to see him on television as he is currently running for a political office in Baghdad. Moreover, he is widely rumored to have less than pious habits. For instance, non-Sufi residents of Sulaymaniyya accuse Nehro of drinking alcohol in public. Because of the ecstatic and transgressive nature of Kasnazani practices, as well as the impious behavior of Nehro, the residents of Sulaymaniyya and even some followers of the Kasnazani Sufi order question the authority of the shaykh. Contesting the shaykh’s authority is not a new phenomenon. Some residents of Sulaymaniyya critique Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Kasnazani for having cooperated with Saddam Hussein and for calling upon his followers to vote for Jalal Talabani. In other words, the Kasnazani shaykh may promote antinomian and ecstatic rituals inside the Sufi lodge. Outside of the lodge, he supports the authority of the political status-quo. Based on interviews with both Kasnazani Sufis and non-Sufi residents of Sulaymaniyya, this paper examines how both followers, as well as non-Sufi residents in Sulaymaniyya, contest and consolidate shaykh Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Kasnazani’s charismatic authority. It traces these debates from the late 1970s, when shaykh Kasnazani began cooperating with Saddam Hussein. It argues that by emphasizing the miraculous and the irrational, Kasnazanis uphold the shaykh’s charismatic authority in opposition to outsiders’ and even insiders’ critiques of the shaykh’s political pragmatism.
Discipline
Religious Studies/Theology
Geographic Area
Iraq
Sub Area
Islamic Studies