Abstract
After its revolution in 2010/2011, Tunisia went through a shift concerning the relationship between politics and religion. During Ben Ali era (1987-2011), Salafist groups as well as Islamist Ennahda party had been excluded from the political sphere. The new political context was characterized by a high degree of openness: Ennahda came into power via democratic elections and became a key protagonist of Tunisia’s democratization. While the largest Islamist party was included into Tunisia’s political system, Salafi jihadist preachers who were released from prison openly called for a violent struggle against the existing order. The first five years after the uprisings were thus marked by violent radicalization.
While taking opposing trajectories in post-revolutionary Tunisia into account, one could argue that both Ennahda and Salafi jihadist actors served the same demand on the Tunisian (discourse) market: They tried to make offers for recasting the relationship between Islam and politics and to address those Tunisians that wished for a stronger role of religion in public life. This paper analyzes the offers made by Ennahda and Salafi jihadists. We scrutinize their narratives individually, compare them to each other and interrogate the relationship they construct toward the respective other. Drawing on the rich literature on social movement theory, mobilization and radicalization, the paper compares key elements of communicative strategies of Ennahda and Salafi jihadist actors between 2011 and 2022. We use frame and discourse analysis to analyze “natural” data as produced and disseminated online by both actors (statements, documents, audio, video and textual material). We contextualize our findings in Tunisia’s dynamic political context in the post-revolutionary years.
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