This paper addresses the medical and ophthalmological context of early Arabic optics with reference to the Optics of Ahmad ibn ‘Isa, an early Arabic text with notable features beyond its little known author and date. The only recorded reference to the text is in a work known as “Light of the Eyes” (Nur al-‘uyun) by Salah al-Din Kahhal (ca. 1296), itself revealing for aspects of early Arabic optics beyond medical and ophthalmological considerations. Besides containing the single reference to Ibn ‘Isa’s Optics by both author and title, the text opens with a formulation of the Euclidean visual-ray hypothesis that illuminates complex problems in transmission by overlapping with at least two other early Arabic sources: the pseudo-Euclidean De speculis (extant only partially in Arabic), and the Rectification of al-Kindi (extant fully in Arabic in contrast to al-Kindi’s De aspectibus surviving only in a Latin version). Of the seven sections of the Optics of Ibn ‘Isa itself, a text with its own unique feature of explicit references to ancient Greek authors (i. theories of external senses, with reference to “the ancients”; ii. polished surfaces, with reference to Euclid; iii. burning mirrors, with reference to Anthemius and Archimedes; iv. transparent surfaces; v. halo and rainbow, with reference to Aristotle; vi. vision and perception, with reference to Euclid, and vii. double vision, with reference to Galen), only the opening and closing sections are strictly related to the medical and ophthalmological contexts of early Arabic optics.