This paper analyzes the emergence of modern medical profession in Ottoman Turkey by focusing on institutional transformations. As discussed in the previous papers, traditional medical knowledge was produced within a hirfet system in the classical period and was transmitted from a master to an apprentice in a semi-closed system. The healing was provided on a need base cases and within a systems of layers. Though there were several Sifahanes and dar-al-tibs their numbers did not exceed 20 or 30 the most. Earlier attempts to transfer the new medical sciences into the Empire were witnessed under Selim III by the chief doctor of his court Mustafa Behcet (d. 1834). However the real pressure emerged with the founding of a new army, Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediyye, under Mahmud II (r.1808-1839). When the newly recruited soldiers from different corners of the Empire were put together in military barracks diseases spread among them rapidly thereby urging the administrators to take preventive measures. Ottomans modeled the then biggest hospital in Europe Josephinium in Vienna and invited a young Austrian doctor, Dr. Karl Bernard to head the new Imperial medical Institute Mekteb-i Tibbiye-i Sahane (17 February 1839). The process of founding an Austrian and a French (Le Paix) hospital in Istanbul along with the emergence of Ottoman Medical Society (Cemiyet-i Tibbiye-i Osmaniye) are analyzed to exhibit that the Ottoman were openly interacted with foreign medical professions and competed with them in the process. This paper highlights that during the transition to new medical sciences Ottomans revered the knowledge of European medical doctors and employed them unreservedly in their newly opened medical institutions. The transition to new medical practices was a consciously selected objective although transfer of the knowledge worked for both parties. While Ottomans used French books in the early phase of these medical institutions European doctors who worked in the Ottoman Empire translated traditional medical treaties and manuscripts into European languages. During the process of transforming the traditional hirfet practices the Ottomans successfully established a modern medical profession and the medical corps. Major sources utilized in this article are the Ottoman archival sources, archival sources of these medical institutions as well as works used by early generation of European doctors i.e. Karl Bernard, and several medical journals published in Istanbul during the 19th century.