Mamasogullar?: A Nineteenth Century Armenian Entrepreneur Family in Arapkir The economy of Ottoman Empire began to recover itself in the first decades of the nineteenth century thanks to the long peace with Russia and foremost trade networks over the globe. By the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the impacts of growing economy have been observed in the provincial areas of the empire. Imported cheap yarn from British Empire has been processing in the hands of Arapkirli women/men and then offered not only to local market but also exported to main trade centres namely to Aleppo, Damascus, Erzeroum and Baghdad. Cheap raw materials and women labour triggered the rise of manufacturing industry and the birth of a profitable domestic and inter-regional market economy. Such developments in the global commercial networks and availabilities (accessibilities) in the low-cost resources promoted (initiated) the emergence of local entrepreneurs in the provincial regions of the empire. Mamasogullari, was one of the Armenian families that rented looms to the Arapkirlis in the early nineteenth century and then established a local-based manufacturing industry. The aim of this paper is to delineate the successful story of an Armenian entrepreneur family, the Mamasogullari in Arapkir. By analyzing this transition process from 1830 to 1850 in Arapkir, a mid-sized town of the eastern Anatolia, I will attempt to explain the position and role of local entrepreneurs, who were vital actors in this commercial and industrial booming of the nineteenth century. In this regard, the aim of the presentation is to examine the social and economic transformation of Arapkir, with reference to the activities of Mamasogullar? engaged in sponsorship, cloth production, and export in a period when the Ottoman economy was considered to be dominated by European goods. Following questions will be discussed: What was the main source of their capital? Can we describe them as bankers because of their advantageous official title, beratli tuccar? What was the nature of their relationship with British and Ottoman Empire? How did they establish their commercial networks with India, Persia and Russia? Such these questions would be major problematic points of this paper.