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A Seed’s Story: Resilient Agricultural Varieties and the Remaking of Locality Under Illiberal Agricultural Regimes in Turkey
Abstract
In the last two decades, Turkish farmers have variedly adapted to and rebelled against new seed laws and agricultural restructuring. A series of legislative measures has disincentivized, seed-saving — farmers’ practices of selecting choice seeds after the harvest to be used for the following planting season. Seeds that are not registered commercial varieties or hybrid cultivars can no longer be sold on the market. Further, farmers cannot receive agricultural subsidies and incentives for fields planted with heirloom vegetable varieties. While larger industrial farmers and private seed breeding companies have benefited from these changes, many farmers have been marginalized in the process. The rapid disappearance of regional varieties of vegetables, herbs, and fruit mirrors the global loss of two thirds of existing agro-biodiversity. But seeds always carry stories with them, as several anthropologists have recently argued. This paper analyzes how non-registered seeds, often linked to specific localities, and referred to as “yerel tohumlar” or “atal?k tohum,” travel from farmer to farmer, across long distances, and get re-localized through practices of agricultural care. Outside of university and governmental seed-banks, yerel tohumlar have become a focus of cultural, economic, and political interest. Drawing on my ongoing ethnographic research with two distinct communities – rural migrant smallholders and middle-class “back-to-the-landers” – this paper focuses on the stories that farmers tell about their seeds as they plant, cultivate, and exchange them and, in the process, forge new classed responses to illiberal agricultural regimes.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries