MESA Banner
The 1958 (Armenian) Civil War in Beirut
Abstract
This paper examines a particular moment of intersection between Armenian and Lebanese nation-building: the involvement of Lebanese Armenians in the 1958 Lebanese Civil War and their sustained infighting in the neighborhoods of Borj Hammoud and Mar Mikhael in Greater Beirut. Despite a nationally brokered peace agreement that was honored by all other involved parties at the time, Armenians continued to fight one another and in so doing, reformulated the urban geographies of these neighborhoods of Greater Beirut. The 1958 civil conflict was the result of the growing popular frustration with the bellicose Camille Chamoun presidency and his announcement that he would extend his presidential term. While largely ignored by Lebanese historiography, Lebanese Armenian political parties participated in this violence, either joining or opposing other Lebanese political parties based on their position on the presidential extension. Yet when a national truce halted the fighting, Armenian political parties continued to battle one other, accusing each another of disloyalty towards the Armenian nation and the Lebanese nation-state. Armenians in Lebanon used the 1958 national conflict to participate in simultaneous--yet often mutually exclusive--Lebanese and Armenian nation building, and did so through acts of violence in the Mar Mikhael and Borj Hammoud neighborhoods. These battles persisted for another four months until the implementation of an additional peace agreement that specifically placated the Armenian factions. This Armenian involvement challenges the historiography of this time period, which conventionally described the 1958 civil conflict as an internal, Lebanese, and a non-Armenian issue. Yet Armenians, in continuing to fight and snubbing “national” pacts, participated in struggles for power that reconfigured not only the constructions of “Lebanese” and “Armenian” identifications, but also the urban space of Greater Beirut. By analyzing the Armenian and Arabic language press coverage of the Armenian infighting in Borj Hammoud and Mar Mikhael, this paper will explore how Armenians as a recognized minority in Lebanon manifested and consolidated authority vis-à-vis their own community members while engaging as Lebanese in support for or against the Lebanese President. On the basis of a close examination of the press coverage during this particularly vulnerable moment for the Lebanese state, this paper considers how the violence in Borj Hammoud and Mar Mikhael and its associated media coverage illustrate a variety of contracting and expanding local attachments, expanding our understanding of the Armenian minority amidst active production in Lebanese society.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
Armenian