Nineteenth century was a period of massive demographic transformation for Ottoman society. The anxiety of depopulation turned many different aspects of female sexuality and reproductive functions into popular political topics. In this period Ottoman medical doctors sought ways to hinder the factors that led to the decrease of its population and initiated policies to promote its further increase. Although the pronatalist policies centred on the question of fertility and fecundity, the issue of infertility and reproductive experiences about it were not directly addressed until the late century. The cases of involuntary childlessness and the reproductive dysfunctions first attracted the attention of medical doctors. The medicalization of infertility constructed this problem as an abnormality and the infertile as a patient to be cured. However, shortly non-medical works on infertility also emerged as part of the debates on population increase, and normative and popular works welcomed this issue as an opportunity to express broader concerns about the anxieties about demography. Besides offering clues about the conceptualization of femininity, the debates on infertility also problematized the male body. As such, books on infertility is one rare field where Ottoman pronatalism targeted male body and the male reproductive experience beside the female ones. The books on infertility hint the early premises of eugenic ideas as conceived by the Ottoman doctors and the intellectuals. In this paper, I will deal with the normative and medical literature on infertility and will discuss the ambivalent representations of infertility and the infertile in the late nineteenth early twentieth century Ottoman society. Through the analysis of the debates on infertility I will also discuss the reconstruction of norms about sexuality and the conceptions of female body within this.