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The Rise of Communitarian States in the Middle East
Abstract
The paper entertains the proposition that regional instability in the MENA region and the declining power of the nation-states can be largely attributed to globalization. It claims that traditional regulatory functions of the state have been overwhelmed by global economic and political interconnectedness. Simultaneously, globalization has nurtured an environment that has expedited the fast growth of transnational movements, particularly that of communitarian discourse emerging in most fragmented states, substituting for declining state power. A ‘globalization double movement’ has come to articulate contemporary political developments, particularly by events associated with the Arab Spring. The fallout of national autocratic states and the rise of a communitarian transnational movements can be highly associated with the double movement. This paper gathers economic, political, and security evidences that point to globalization’s dramatic impacts on the structural deteriorations of Arab nation-states and the rise of communitarianism. Economic indicators such as the trade balance of major productive sectors in Arab countries are employed to demonstrate growing exposure to foreign imports and market interconnectedness. Examination of major rising political movements throughout the Arab countries also demonstrate growing transnational communitarian allegiance along cultural, economic, and military affiliations. Thus, the main predicament confronting most Arab societies remains that of establishing alternative governing foundations that can help prevent the growing rifts between communities and scaffold state fragility. This paper relies on comparative research in order to reveal potential foundations of a post-Realism Arab state compatible with globalization’s double movement. The findings indicate that the restructuring of state foundations must complement communitarian diversity while transcending 'sovereignty' beyond territoriality. Power sharing that preserves communitarian political autonomies with margins of cultural and economic affiliations extending beyond the confinement of state borders illustrates compatibility with globalization’s double movement. Various countries including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Sudan, Egypt, and Yemen are examined in this study to contextualize such a proposition.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
State Formation