Levantinia? Non-Muslim Communities in Times of War and Occupation The Great War hit non-Muslim communities of the Ottoman Empire particularly harshly. Nonetheless, Armenian, Greek-Orthodox, Jewish and Levantine communities of Istanbul had experienced the war and the following occupation of their city by British, French and Italian forces quite differently than those communities who lived elsewhere in the empire. During the war censorship cut their communications with the world, the Ottoman state heavily intervened in their autonomous governments, curfews limited their movement and in some cases, they were subjected to genocide. They experience the Allied occupation differently as well. Istanbul at that time seemed to offer the possibility of a revival for their communities. The end of the war and the occupation also allowed Istanbul to become an information hub to not only count the dead but also to find the bodies. Moreover, massive losses that cut through community lines brought diverse communities together. This paper argues that Istanbul under Allied occupation allowed communities to imagine new and better futures for themselves. This paper examines the impact of the war on non-Muslim communities of Istanbul, looked down upon by the rulers and the occupiers alike, and the ways in which these communities reacted to the changes brought by the war and occupation. This paper goes beyond the Muslim and non-Muslim dichotomy and takes a closer look at the diversity in the city’s inhabitants. From multi-communal charity balls during the war to public festivals during the occupation, this paper uses documents ranging from the Ottoman, Republican and Military Archives in Turkey, the Central State Archives in Italy, the National and Military Archives in France, the National Archives and the British Library in the UK, and the National Archives in Washington DC, along with newspapers and scholarly journals of the era, to study multiple ways different communities interacted with each other in an unprecedented atmosphere of social and political flux.