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Ottomanism on a European Stage: Ali Suavi and Teodor Kasap in the Pages of the French and British Press
Abstract
One of the most interesting and under-explored aspects of the Young Ottoman movement is the role it played as a participant in the nineteenth-century global public sphere. In the decade leading up to the Russo-Ottoman War (1877-1878), the Young Ottomans were among the first Muslim intellectuals to directly address an audience of European diplomats, scholars, and the general newspaper-reading public. Having taken refuge in European capitals whose press cultures were increasingly preoccupied by Islam and “the Eastern Question,” dissident journalists like Ali Suavi (1838-1878) and Teodor Kasap (1835-1897) took advantage of their proficiency in European languages to put forth a competing Ottomanist account of global affairs. While their interventions were often couched as scathing critiques of the Ottoman government, they also defended the legitimacy of Islamic rule and called for respect for Ottoman sovereignty. In this paper, I present a sampling of contributions to the British and French press made by Ali Suavi and Teodor Kasap between the years 1868 and 1877, in forms ranging from dual-language newspapers to scholarly journal articles and pamphlets. I contextualize these forays into the pages of European journals by framing them as part of two distinct discursive spheres: first, the European debate over Ottoman legitimacy; and second, the Ottoman public discourse concerning constitutional reform and European intervention. By comparing Ali Suavi and Teodor Kasap’s French- and English-language publications with their writings for an Ottoman audience, I intend to draw out differences in their strategies for engaging public opinion in these two spheres. Yet rather than framing these rhetorical differences as evidence of inconsistency or insincerity, I argue for reading them as complementary aspects of the Young Ottoman project, which sought to cast Ottoman constitutionalism as intelligible and desirable within both Islamist and European discourses. By reading these articles written for a European audience as integral parts of the Young Ottoman corpus, I aim to demonstrate the value of a more inclusive approach to the study of Ottomanist thought, one that recognizes and incorporates the movement’s transnational scope.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Ottoman Empire
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries