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Eveline Bustros and the Limits of Historical Biography
Abstract
Eveline Bustros (1878-1971) is one of the well-known Lebanese raidat, women’s rights pioneers. However, her life story is generally presented in fragments that highlight her family’s background, her oeuvre, and her political activism. Such biographical sketches note she was the daughter of a very wealthy, Orthodox, Francophone family in Beirut. That World War I sent her and her husband, Gabriel Bustros, the scion of another well-known Beiruti family, into voluntary exile first in Egypt, then in Paris. That while in Paris she started to write and was exposed to the pan-Arab cause. Existing biographies then address in skeletal detail her written work before addressing her work with the women’s rights movement in Lebanon and the wider Arab world. Bustros is best known for her work La Main d’Allah (1926). Profiles also note that she organized a literary salon that brought politically active Beirutis to discuss the future of Lebanon. Furthermore, brief biographies sometimes address the fact that she founded the Literary Society of Beirut and the Lebanese Pen Club. Her work with women’s rights activism garners greater attention in the existing sketches of her life and work. The fact that she led the Lebanese delegation to the Conference for the Defense of Palestine in Cairo in 1938 is always highlighted. Biographies also note her role in the women’s movement locally and regionally: she became president of the Lebanese-Arab Women’s Federation in 1942. Then, she became president of the General Federation of Arab Women in 1948. During World War II, her role in anti-French demonstrations and the fact that she organized many women’s marches is also presented. Biographical sketches written after her death address that she received the Lebanese Order of Merit a few months before she died. But, behind these accomplishments, who was Eveline Bustros? This paper tries to fill in the holes in the existing biographies using newly recovered archival material and oral histories with her descendants to present a more complete biography of Bustros and what she thought about the political and social transformations that shaped Lebanon during her lifetime. The paper also queries the limits of writing her biography. Nonetheless, a more complete biography of her life and activism sheds light on the issues that motivated women’s rights activists in the first half of the twentieth century in the Arab world and how they viewed their movement in relation to the international women’s rights movement.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
The Levant
Sub Area
Gender/Women's Studies