Abstract
My study draws upon Cynthia Gordon’s (2008; 2009) concept of “framing as intertextuality in interaction” by applying her framework to written online contexts in an Arabic-speaking community. My dataset consists of posts from the micro-blogging social media site, Twitter, published in response to the Women2Drive campaign that took place on October 26, 2013, which called for Saudi women’s right to drive. I collected a sample of Twitter posts about the Women2Drive campaign from October 23 to October 27, and extracted the posts that generated the largest number of responses and re-tweets. These posts were published by Saudi women activists in support of a woman’s right to drive in Saudi Arabia and by men clerics who opposed a woman’s right to drive. I identified intertextuality as a primary means by which both groups framed the issue and aligned with their community and found that both women activists and men clerics utilized local texts to create a shared repertoire of “prior texts” (Becker, 1994) to justify their respective positions with respect to this campaign. In particular, men clerics used only Arabic in their tweets while the women activists used both Arabic and English in their posts and hashtags. As a consequence, women activists’ use of English situated theWomen2Drive campaign among audiences beyond the local Arabic community. By contrast, the men clerics’ exclusive use of Arabic served to reinforce conventional ideologies and cultural norms and orient their messages to the local Arabic community. The exclusive use of Arabic additionally contributed to the men’s framing of the campaign as a foreign conspiracy against the Saudi ethical and political system, while warning of potential societal consequences of the campaign.
An intertextual approach to an analysis of Twitter discourse surrounding theWomen2Drive campaign highlights how both the women activists and men clerics framed the campaign to their respective audiences and it also illuminates our understanding of how larger societal issues are negotiated and contextualized within online discourse communities. Taking into account Becker’s claim that “the most public prior texts - the most widespread in a community - can be seen as defining that community” (1994: 166), this discourse-analytic study reinforces Gordon’s (2008; 2009) notions on the interconnectedness of framing and intertextuality. Furthermore, this study contributes to our understanding of power and gender hierarchies in a Saudi Arabian online community.
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