Was there — is there — an Arab-Jewish dialogue? My argument in this paper is that this is a question that has insistently accompanied, perhaps silently governed, whether overtly or covertly, the so-called German-Jewish dialogue. This is so for reasons that have to do with the structural associations between the Jew and the Arab through the history of Christian political theology, associations that should continue to remind us that it was not only “the Jewish Question” that was exported to the Middle East, but the Arab (and Muslim) Question as well. More proximately, the two dialogues merge with the rise of that “providential couple,” Aryans and Semites, and its particular, albeit not unique, history in Germany. The Arab-Jewish dialogue, whether or not it was ever real, is the unavoidable correlate of the German-Jewish dialogue. One might even argue that, if dialogue there has been, it could only been conducted between these two sets of dialogue. And it continues to be. The evidence for all this? I find it in Kafka.