MESA Banner
A Presence without a Narrative: Τhe Greeks in Egypt, 1961-1976
Abstract
This paper examines the upward social mobility of the Greek community in Egypt, after the implementations of Gamal Abd al-Nasser’s Nationalization Laws in 1961 until the launching of the infitah policies by Anwar al-Sadat in 1976. Both Greek and Egyptian historiographies fail to include and explore the activities of the Greek community of Egypt after its en masse departure in 1961, focusing instead on two main narratives: a cosmopolitan past and the community’s decline and departure. This paper deconstructs the narrative of absence, exploring the dynamics and mobilities of labor and citizenship within the Greek community that remained in Egypt after its demographic decline. The absence of the presence of the remaining Greek population in the dominant Greek and Egyptian national narratives attempts to preserve the nostalgic memories of a glorious past. Both historiographies instead focus mainly on the Greek benefactors who left the country and the important social and economic capital they provided in the beginning of the 20th century when the community was at its demographic peak. In addition, they conventionally focus on Nasser's policies, including the growth of Arab nationalism, massive spending in the public sector, and the implementation of the nationalization laws. This ignores the actual social mobility experienced by the lower and middle class Greeks who remained in Egypt, which in turn challenges the construction of a homogeneous social and economic post-colonial Egyptian state. At the same time, such positioning neglects the contribution and diversification of diasporic communities, including the Greeks in Egypt. The paper accordingly focuses on the activities of the remaining Greek population, including those owners of businesses that were not nationalized due to their small scale, and explores how they managed to access socioeconomic mobility, acquired higher social ranks, and continued to engage and participate in Egyptian society. Accordingly, this study reveals the multiple layers of economic and social mobility in post-1961 Egyptian society by its different actors, in this case by members of the Greek community. Based on interviews and research conducted in Egypt and Greece, this paper uncovers the continued, yet silenced, engagement of Greeks in Egypt following the departure of the majority of the community in Cairo, Alexandria, and Port Said. This narrative not only alters the dominant narrative of absence, but more importantly, also contributes to new histories and understandings of social and economic life in Egypt.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries