Abstract
In November 2021, Qatar held its first-ever Shura Council elections. The Shura Council, a consultative assembly, is one of Qatar's two central legislative bodies. Sharia Law is the primary source of Qatari legislation and is based on the principles of religion and culture. The Council, first established in 1972, can propose bills, prepare draft laws, and assist the Emir (de facto ruler) and the Council of Ministers. The Council consists of 45 members, 30 elected by the citizens and 15 appointed by the Emir.
The Media Support Committee for the Shura Council employed the services of Qatar Media Corporation (the public service broadcasting network), offering free media services for the candidates. Candidates could have an introductory video of themselves and their agendas on the government channel in alphabetical order. A dedicated website to the campaign was created to offer a platform for the candidates and information about election rules. The candidate's budget was capped at 2 million Qatari riyals ( about USD 550,000), and a maximum of 10 posters and banners were allowed. Candidates were provided only two weeks for campaigning. Amid these, many of the candidates turned to social media for campaigning. Laws that limited the participation of certain sections of the Qatari society stirred tribal sensitivities, and there were manifestations of these sentiments on social media (Reuters, 2021).
The use of social media by government officials is an established practice (Akdenizli, 2018). The recent blockade of Qatar, 2017-2021, further illustrated social media's role. Countries involved in the conflict found themselves in a diplomatic rift on social media. Twitter bots were mobilized to create negative information and propaganda from the blockading countries towards Qatar (Jones, 2019). Online deception, fake accounts, and trending hashtags alleging fraud during the Shura Elections were not a surprise (Jones, 2021).
This paper analyzes the Twitter accounts of 27 elected candidates (out of 30) who campaigned online. The study is a content analysis of 1878 tweets between September 15-30, 2021, the two weeks candidates were allowed to campaign. The preliminary data shows that candidates regularly tweeted, some more than others. Some candidates opened Twitter accounts just for campaigning. With the analysis f tweets and the evaluation of reports and coverage of the Shura Election, this paper aims to showcase the context of digital interaction and online dialog in the first-ever elections in Qatar.
References:not included beacuse of word limit
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