The study of political ideologies has been a major concern for political scientists, psychologists, sociologists, and even philosophers. Two major strands can be identified from the literature on ideologies. Proponents of the first strand of literature argue that political ideologies are structured according to the traditional left-right political continuum (Bobbio, 1996; Jost, 2003, 2006; Treier & Hilygus, 2009). They propose to measure political ideologies by asking respondents to position themselves on a left-right or liberal-conservative scale. By contrast, proponents of the second strand of literature argue that a unidimensional scale cannot accurately capture the variations that exist in political ideologies (Conover & Feldman, 1981; Feldman 2003; Jacoby, 2009; Maynard, 2013). Some studies have shown that ordinary citizens do not know how to explain the left-right distinction even if they use theses labels and self-identify on such scales (Converse, 1964; Conover & Feldman, 1981). Proponents of the second strand of literature thus propose a multidimensional scale based on positions about social and economic issue to operationalize political ideologies. Most of the research on how to measure the dimensions and structure of political ideologies is however focused on Western cultures. Little is known about non-Western countries, especially the Arab world. This paper investigates the dimensions of political ideologies in Tunisia in order to understand what constitutes a left-wing or right-wing political ideology in the Tunisian political culture. Using representative face-to-face survey data collected in December 2019, I test the unidimensional and multidimensional structure of ideologies among ordinary Tunisian citizens. A factor analysis is applied to 22 positions about social and economic issues, which were derived mainly from the Wilson and Patterson Attitude Inventory (1968).