This paper will be a comparative analysis of two contemporary models of institution building in the Muslim world; one from an apolitical context oriented towards development and another in a politically loaded context yet again oriented towards development. These are the Aga Khan Development Network, a global development organisation affiliated with the Ismaili Imamat; and the Musa al-Sadr Foundation in Lebanon, which has operated before and after disappearance of Musa al-Sadr. The focus will be on the humanist aspects of both institutions and exploring their intersections while noting their differences. Even though both institutions have been led by a figure of authority from a Shi?i context, there are fundamental differences between the AKDN and Musa al-Sadr’s foundation that practically turned into what it is today after the disappearance of its charismatic leader. It is not clear in which direction the Musa al-Sadr Foundation would turn if al-Sadr himself was still present; but the current formation of the institution is clearly a continuation and unfolding of the humanist vision of al-Sadr himself. This area is one in common with the AKDN and the vision of the contemporary Ismaili Imamat which is now representing a transnational global community. This paper will look into the transnational versus the local aspect of these institutions and the implications they have on the future of these communities. Also central to this comparison is the type of leadership found in these two examples. While Musa al-Sadr was a highly charismatic figure, the Ismaili Imamate today represents more than anything else a legal-rational-bureaucratic element in institution building and at the same time, elements of tradition and charisma are also alive in the Ismaili community. Comparing these two models will provide us with some insights into success stories of improving the quality of life of the target communities without falling into narrow and reductionist interpretations of faith