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The Syrian Civil War and Urban Displacement: The Passing of Aleppo's Armenian Community?
Abstract
Almost thirty years ago, André Raymond’s study of Aleppo’s urban demography in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries brought attention to Christian population growth in Judayda, the city’s northwestern suburb. The quarter began to develop as early as the fifteenth century, and by the sixteenth century key institutions were established in what would become Aleppo’s Christian quarter. The steady influx of Christians into the city from places as far away as Iran and Anatolia made it so the quarter was over 90% Christian at the turn of the 20th century. The growth of Aleppo’s Christian quarter also coincided with migration of Armenians from Anatolia and Iran. As part of a larger reconstruction of the early history of Aleppo’s Christian quarter based on archival documents from the shari‘a court archives in Syria and the Ottoman archives in Turkey, this paper explores the mostly unknown history of Armenians in the formation of Saliba Judayda quarter. This constructive period will be sharply contrasted with the willful and forced emigration of Armenians, as well as Syria’s Christian population more generally, in the twentieth century. As a result, this pre- and post-war emigration has depleted the quarter (and parts of the city) of much of its historic Christian population. Aleppo’s Armenian population has declined since the 1960s when the population stood at 150,000 to a pre-civil war population of approximately 57,000 in 2012, before the siege of Aleppo in Summer 2012. A city that once hosted most of Syria’s Armenian population, the population has dwindled over the last year as Armenians seek shelter in Lebanon, Turkey, and Armenia, a country offering citizenship to Syrian refugees of Armenian descent. What impact will the current war have on the character of formerly Christian neighborhoods like Judayda (Azzizieh, Sulemaniya, and Maydan, the latter being a quarter severely impacted in the current ‘Battle for Aleppo’)? As entire neighborhoods are flattened and depopulated during the civil war in Syria, how this trend will affect Aleppo’s urban quarters more broadly? What will this historic rupture mean for the writing of Syria’s urban history while both the site and its archives are endangered?
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Syria
Sub Area
None