In the years after the expulsion of the Moriscos (baptized Christians of Muslim descent) from Spain (1609-1614), some of the expelled Moriscos ended up back in Spanish territory, captured on North African corsair ships. Captured Moriscos were routinely brought to the Inquisition for trial. Unlike their North African shipmates, who merely faced a life sentence on a galley ship, Moriscos were subject to the Inquisition because they were baptized Christians. The Inquisition charged them with practicing Islam while in North Africa. That they were in North Africa as a result of the Spanish expulsion and that North African officials forced conversion to Islam on Morisco immigrants upon their arrival was no excuse. Moriscos had an ambiguous religious identity, which was highly problematic in both the Christian and Islamic Mediterranean. My paper is based on twenty-nine trial records of expelled Moriscos caught on corsair ships between 1610 and 1631. These sources, from the Archivo Histórico Nacional in Madrid, are among the only first-hand accounts we have of the expulsion and of North African corsair ventures in the seventeenth-century Mediterranean. Historians have long claimed that Moriscos made up a significant part of the manpower on North African corsair ships, and though conclusive data is hard to come by, these documents suggest that this may have been true. But the accounts the men gave to the Inquisition call into question the assumption that they were motivated by vengeance and religious fervor, instead demonstrating how many Moriscos made difficult choices in order to survive in a world that was hostile and unwelcoming.