Abstract
In August 2017, the Tunisian president called for legal changes in order to give Tunisian women equal inheritance rights. His call sent shock waves through the region and several television networks devoted a lot of airtime to discuss the issue. In addition, large numbers of people—both men and women—took to social media to express their views on the matter.
This study analyzes a sample of a thread of comments on a Youtube video of an episode of an Egyptian talk show in which an Islamic scholar and a secular journalist discussed the proposed change. Since the issue under study is a discussion about the cases in which Muslim men inherit twice as much as Muslim women, critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to analyze the YouTube thread. CDA is a qualitative research method used to analyze how discourse is used to justify, maintain, and reproduce social inequalities in general, including gender inequality (Mullet, 2018).
In addition, the study uses the theoretical definition of an ideology as developed by Van Dijk, T. A. (2006) to analyze these comments. He has defined ideology as a socially shared set of ideas that constitute a belief system to a particular group of people. Ideologies are very important because they “de?ne the social identity of a group.” In other words, ideologies define, control, and organize the group’s “shared beliefs about its fundamental conditions and ways of existence and reproduction,” or its cultural values (Van Dijk, 2006, p. 123).
The study’s results indicate that Islam seems to function as an ideology that defines the social identity of many of the commenters and it even seems to have become common ground for some users. That is why dividing inheritance according to Sharia seems to be perceived by many users as the only way things can or should be done. Furthermore, some of the users comments suggest that Islamic ideology also serves the function of uniting people around a shared goal.
However, the study’s results also indicate that some male users’ opposition to the proposed changes to women’s inheritance seem to have more to do with social and economic factors than religious ones.
In addition, secular ideology seems to have provided a basis for some users to resist the dominance of Islamic ideology. But the number of users who seemed to alien themselves with secular ideology was clearly outnumbered. It is also noteworthy that most of them seemed to be Tunisian.
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