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Global Shinqit: How Saharan Islamic Discursive Tradition went Global (19th-21st Centuries)
Abstract
Bilad-Shinq?? (Mauritania) is often portrayed as a preeminent center of classical Islamic knowledge transmission supposedly untouched by modernity. From Sahara to Mecca and from Abu Dhabi to California, bearing the nisba of “al-Shinq??i” often signals strong claims to authentic scholarly and religious authority. While previous scholarship concerned itself mostly with Bilad-Shinq??’s local history and distinctive methods of learning, in this paper, I seek instead to demonstrate how it has become, in less than two centuries, a label and symbolic/representational space of excellence in Islamic knowledge with a truly global reach. I uncover the dynamics of transformation of an Arabo-Islamic cultural world known for encyclopedism, memorization of the core Islamic texts, mastery of the Arabic language, especially poetry and mobility. Drawing on a variety of historical, literary and anthropological sources, the paper historicizes the rise and mythologization of Shinq?? as a peerless center of traditional sacred scholarship. Focusing further on the changing ways in which Shinq??i’s scholars articulated their discursive tradition in different spaces and times since the 19th century, I examine how their label is being today invoked and re-invented by a number of local and global Muslim actors under changing circumstances. Through the exploration of what I call Global Shinq?t, I ambition to illustrate the ways in which Muslim Saharan societies assert their relevance and scholarly authority on a global scale, ultimately documenting how the so-called peripheries of the Muslim world shape central traits of what we have come to identify as global Islam. The somewhat imagined Bil?d Shinq?? emerges in this paper as a global center of learning and religious authority whose reputation is being enacted, performed, reproduced and sometimes contested in various places around the globe, including in Mauritania itself.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Maghreb
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries