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Regional Dimensions of Authoritarianism in the Arab World
Abstract
This paper examines the regional dimensions of authoritarianism in the Arab world. Scholars have put forward different theories to explain the persistence of authoritarian politics in the region. While some authors have focused on political economy, others have put forward cultural, religious and international factors to account for the durability of authoritarianism in Arab states. This paper contributes to this debate by examining some of the causal mechanisms involved in the reproduction of authoritarian politics at the regional level. The paper focuses on three often neglected causal mechanisms that contribute to the reproduction of authoritarian politics in the Arab world at the regional level: 1) authoritarian cooperation, 2) authoritarian learning and 3) regional organizations. First, the paper analyzes two examples of authoritarian cooperation among Arab states. Arab Interior Ministers meet annually in Tunisia to discuss internal security matters, including internal threats to existing regimes and domestic opposition political movements. Drawing on newspaper reports and interviews with officials in several Arab states, I explore this type of cooperation and its consequences for domestic politics. The charter adopted by Arab ministers of information in February 2008 regulating satellite television broadcasting is the second example of authoritarian cooperation explored in this paper. I analyze the charter, its goals and likely consequences for press freedom in the region. Second, the paper explores authoritarian learning between Arab states. Using the recent constitutional amendments adopted in Egypt and then Tunisia and Algeria restricting independent candidates in presidential elections as an example, the paper examines how states in the region learn from each other regarding new institutional arrangements that limit political competition. Finally, the paper explores the role regional institutions such as the League of Arab States and the Gulf Cooperation Council play in the domestic politics of Arab states. I assess the consequences of these organizations on politics, the rule of law and human rights in the region. I also compare these organizations and the role they play with other regional organizations, specifically the Organization of American States, the African Union and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). By drawing on a variety of sources including newspaper reports in Arabic, French and English, primary documents such as the charter adopted by Arab information ministers in 2008 and statements by the Arab League and interviews with officials from different Arab states, this paper contributes to understanding the regional dimensions of authoritarianism in the Arab world.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Arab States
Sub Area
None