The thirty year period of Syrian hegemony in Lebanon, from 1975-2005, ended with the withdrawal of the Syrian army and its intelligence network as a result of UN Security Council Resolution 1559. For thirty years Syria succeeded to stabilize Lebanon to prevent the return of conflict between the Lebanese groups and pursue its political agenda but failed to contribute to state-building in post-war Lebanon. The withdrawal of the Syrian troops in April 2005 under the pressure of the international community, particularly the United States and France, left a negative impact on Lebanese domestic politics and inter-communal relations. Post-Syria Lebanon has turned out domestic conflict over issues of foreign and domestic policy and the role of the state to spread its authority over Lebanese territory. Hence, domestic conflict over who should buid and control the state overlapped with international and regional dynamics. On the one hand the United States and France with their the so-called moderate Arab allies wanted to intervene to pursue their interests and on the other handSyria and Iran wanted to counterbalance international intervention and support their Lebanese allies. This regional international intervention sharpened further the divisions between the Lebanese people who were divided, after the assassination of Rafic Hariri on 14 Feb. 2005, between the March 14 Forces and the anti-government oppostion orMarch 8 Forces. The summer 2006 Hizbullah-Israel war further deepened the rivalries between the Lebanese groups. Consequently, state institutions were paralyzed, the government was unable to rule and in May 2008 Lebanon was on the brink of civil war. Lebanon was rescued again by the Arab and Qatari mediated Doha Agreement to prevent war. elect a new President and prepare for parliamentary elections that will take place in JUne 2009. This research concludes that post-Syria Lebanon failed to mainain the peace and bolster the role of the state. This study explores a number of questions: How external intervention has contributed to the heightening of sectarian tensions? why the Lebanese have been unable tp peacefully coexist and build the strong state? why external powers failed to deliver on their promises? This research gathers its data from a number of Lebanese newspapers, books, journals and personal observations.