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The Rise of the Jordanian Tea Party Movement
Abstract
Following the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions, street demonstrators in Jordan have managed to bring down a prime minister and his government, but have so far avoided direct confrontation with the monarchy itself – yet they are only part of the challenge to the state. THESIS: The tensions in Jordan are higher than the monarchy thinks and, I argue, pulling from opposite directions; while many in the streets have called for more democracy, support for the poor, and solutions for the unemployed, there is another potentially far more powerful reactionary movement rising – and it is not the “usual suspects” of the Muslim Brotherhood. This conservative movement is a challenge within the ruling elite itself. It is made up of conservative, nationalist, East Jordanian, and often tribal elites who speak in the language of reform and pluralism, but are in fact in many ways akin to the American Tea Party movement: they feel political and economic change has actually gone too far, and they see themselves as patriots saving the nation from the encroachment of both domestic and foreign “others.” They are increasingly challenging not only Palestinians empowerment in Jordan, but also local and global capitalism – from business elites to the IMF and WTO – in every case arguing that Jordan has been “sold out.” (The movement has now turned this argument toward the monarchy itself, by specifically criticizing Queen Rania herself -- even equating her with the wives of former presidents Mubarak and Ben Ali). METHODS AND SOURCES: This paper draws on interviews and extensive field work in Jordan conducted in July 2010, December 2010, and May 2011, to analyze the composition, purpose, coherence, and organization of the Jordanian “Tea Party”, and explains its political, social, and economic implications for both reform and resistance in Jordan. CONCLUSIONS: I argue that the movement is based on an intersection of ethnic, economic, and ideological interests; that it is increasingly coherent and even daring in its challenge to King Abdullah II; that it has significant roots in the state security apparatus; and that it is likely to slow the process of economic privatization and neoliberal reform, while paradoxically supporting some political reforms while also trying to overturn others. PANEL PLACEMENT? This paper crosses several issue areas but would perhaps fit best in panels: democratization v. authoritarianism, social movements, political or economic reform and resistance, or the impact of the Arab revolutions beyond Tunisia and Egypt.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Arab States
Sub Area
Arab Studies