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Managing Masculinity: A Political Economic Approach to Gender and Class in an Export Processing Zone Factory in Binzart, Tunisia.
Abstract
Concerning "women's rights," Tunisia is often described as the Middle East and North Africa's exception, both by international organizations and by its own political officials who continue to be deeply invested in the global impression management of the Tunisian economy. Yet by any stretch of the sociological imagination, Tunisian gender legislation has failed to produce gender equality in Tunisian society. This has much to do with Tunisia’s incorporation into the global economy. Binzart, Tunisia’s export processing zones do more than produce cheap products for the European Union. They produce power, and do so by employing particularly Tunisian configurations of class and gender. This paper discusses ethnographic evidence gathered in an export processing zone (EPZ) textile factory in Binzart, Tunisia in 2008-9. Of central importance is how this node in the global economy reproduces hegemonic Tunisian masculinity, but also provides opportunities for challenges to hegemonic, class-bound gender. Of primary focus is masculine management and worker resistance. While the manager of the factory exploits women workers through tactics such as destabilizing women's sense of sexual self-mastery, male factory workers experience tension between their alliances with female workers and the privilege they receive with the boss, who actively cultivates a masculine rapport with his male employees. Further, male and female workers play on Tunisian cultural taboos, such as flirtation and counter-hegemonic assertions of fictive kinship. Women workers resist exploitation through self-objectification, and religious piety, rarely posing direct challenges to their exploitation. The figure of the lone female manager on the factory floor is explored as she manages the stigma of her own masculinization and strategically exerts domination over the workers. An emergent Tunisian proletarian femininity reifies, challenges, and provocatively appropriates masculinity.
Discipline
Sociology
Geographic Area
Tunisia
Sub Area
None