By the end of the First World War and the advancement of French mandated rule in 1920, Lebanon was experiencing various economic, political and social changes. The most seminal change was the creation of the state of Greater Lebanon announced on September 1, 1920. Inhabitants of Lebanon had become citizens of a newly found nation-state while simultaneously placed under a new and fundamentally different imperial order. As they struggled to define their citizenship and their own political, economic and social order, Lebanese citizens engaged in debating various intellectual and ideological concepts. Class, and particularly the working class, was one of the main categories being debated, defined, and redefined. In a society of increasing politicization and expanding industrialization, a burgeoning communist movement emerged. Within this movement, intellectuals sought to dominate a definition of the working class and assumed the representation of this class and the masses. Concentrating on the press, leftist periodicals, and Party documents, this paper contends that a discourse on the working class was constructed in Mandate Lebanon within the communist intellectual circles and the Communist Party that was characterized by relations of power between the intellectuals and the workers. I argue that the discourse by which unequal relations were created was based on binary oppositions and organized along gender lines of masculinity and femininity. The discourse borrowed from local as well as global themes, which in turn allowed an overlap between categories of class, gender, colonialism, and capitalism. Through this discourse, the communist movement produced a system of knowledge in which the working class was gendered. It is the inequality of these gendered relations that created an unstable and unequal civic order that continued to be contested in the post-colonial era. Sectarian differences have been used to explain state formation in Mandate Lebanon and the persistent of inequalities in the post-colonial era. This paper offers an alternative reading of Lebanese history by focusing on class and gender as the major elements upon which the hierarchy of power was constructed.