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The revolution and the Salafis in Yemen
Abstract
While debates on politicization have structured much of the Salafi movement in Yemen since the 1990s, the revolutionary process launched in early 2011 appears to have acted as an accelerator of politicization. The toppling of 'Alî 'Abd Allâh Salih, who had managed to intrumentalize the various trends of Salafism, undeniably favored new dynamics within the Islamist field. The consequent establishment of openly Salafi political parties, like the Rashad Union, now appears to act as a sign of the normalization of Salafism through its integration in politics. This “new” trend of Salafism aims to emerge as a possible alternative to the Muslim Brothers who currently dominate the Islah party. Through such a process, large segments of the Salafi realm have clarified their stance regarding participation to elections but also for instance the use of television as a means of political communication. Emerging figures of Salafism have been eager to participate in political debates, including the “National dialogue”, and have tried to create a new doctrine. However, the process appears to be incomplete and triggers much resistance and criticism on the part of quietist, as well as so-called jihadi, Salafi trends but also of Muslim Brothers. The new politicized branch of Salafism in Yemen also appears to be fragmented, along mostly regional lines and to be symbolically caught up (much like the rest of Yemen's political actors) in the many conflicts of Yemen, be it in the Sa'da region, in the South or in the fight against armed Islamist movements more or less linked to al-Qâ'ida. As a consequence, no charismatic leadership has yet emerged among the Salafis able to compete with Muqbil al-Wâdi'î who passed away more than a decade ago. As such, the politicization process may no be as successful as it has been in Egypt nor even appear as sustainable. This paper intends to analyze the various debates that are occurring within Salafism in Yemen and their connection to dynamics taking place at the regional level. The paper will also look precisely into the evolving modes of mobilization within the politicized branch of Salafism that appear to be a legacy of the revolutionary process launched by the “shabâb”.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Yemen
Sub Area
Middle East/Near East Studies