France and Turkey are two countries facing novel demands from their citizens to revise the existing social contract and amend it with novel understanding of citizenship that gives greater space to religion. These two states as ardent followers of secularism, have built their conception of the ideal citizen around the principle of invisibility of their religious beliefs. Accordingly, the ideal citizen would refrain from using symbols and attire that disclose his/her beliefs in the public space. Now these two states are increasingly challenged by their devout Muslim citizens who wish to revise this principle and revisit the social contract allowing them to be full citizens while publicly displaying their religious identities. While in Turkey this demand has been increasingly the driving force for recent discussions for a new constitution, in France Muslims, who are a minority and have less influence, have been using a legal discourse and sending complaints to international instances, notably to the ECHR, to put further pressure on the French state. This paper focuses on the recent discussions around the challenge to old conceptions of citizenship in Turkey and France, contending that these attempts to modify the existing social contracts are not necessarily challenges to secularism per-se; instead they are attempts at constructing an understanding of secularism more compatible with public piety.