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Legal Violence: Literary Representations of Discriminatory Policies in Turkey 1940s
Abstract
The official line regarding Turkey’s involvement in the World War II has been one of impartiality. But the rise of fascism in Europe had definite echoes in Turkish social and political landscapes that proved disastrous for Turkey’s non-Muslim minorities. One would expect the anti-Semitic acts of violence perpetrated in 1934 in Thrace would force the Turkish government to instill stronger security measures to protect its non-Muslim citizens but the exact opposite came to pass. First, in April 1941 non-Muslim men aged between 27 and 40 were conscripted for reserve military service even if they have already enlisted before. The soldiers in the labor battalions were sent to remote places in Anatolia to do physically intensive and extremely demanding construction jobs while receiving no payments for their labor. The horrible living conditions were coupled with epidemics and malaria constituted a major problem. The second was the infamous Wealth Tax [Varlik Vergisi]. Rifat Bali, an independent scholar, describes it as: "It was originally conceived as a tool for taxing the extreme wealth being made through wartime profiteering and black market operations in Turkey during the Second World War. In practice, however, it was imposed in an arbitrary and discriminatory fashion, in essence representing a sort of ‘economic warfare’ carried out by the Turkish regime against the country’s non-Muslim population." Most non-Muslims saw all of their assets being appropriated by the state and those who could not pay the exorbitant tax were sent to labor camps in Askale, Erzurum in Eastern Anatolia. This paper deals with the literary representations of these events in Turkish literature, looking at how these works provide an alternative, counter history to the official line by comparing and contrasting the works of minority authors to Turkish authors, and works from the time of these events to more contemporary works.
Discipline
Literature
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
None