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Broadcasting Women’s Religious and Cultural Modernism in 1940s Palestine
Abstract
Radio played an increasingly central role in the interwar Arab world. In Mandate Palestine, the state-run radio station, the Palestine Broadcasting Service engaged a range of figures - from local musicians to intellectuals, religious officials to poets - as on-air broadcasters. Station officials and many of these broadcasters saw their work on air as articulating and advancing modernist, nationalist views. Consequently, the PBS attracted many well-known Palestinian luminaries as broadcasters, and these figures played critical roles in building the station’s reputation among Arabic-speaking listeners. Drawing from a mixture of personal papers, Mandate-era periodicals, and archival sources, this paper presents the case study of Qudsiyya Khurshid, director of the girls’ section of the Amiriyyeh School in al-Bireh. Like many Palestinian intellectuals and musicians, she worked on contract with the PBS, editing from 1940 through 1947 many of the children’s and educational programming, and writing and delivering talks that focused on Islam, women, or both. Some incorporated her interest in literature, as in a 1940 series on Malak Nasif, Aisha Taymour, and May Ziadeh, three famous writers and social activists, that she created for the PBS’ school broadcasts. Others, like her talk on “The Character of Women”, and “Muhammad and Women” were reprinted in Palestinian newspapers. Her work on the PBS’ educational radio programs was recognized with a six-month training stint in at the BBC headquarters in England. Khurshid was also known in Palestine for her poetry and critical essays. She published her work in Palestinian periodicals like the short-lived but influential weekly al-Mihmaz; al-Dhakira, another literary journal; and al-Qafila, Huna al-Quds, and al-Muntada, the PBS-affiliated cultural magazines. Along with other key women broadcasters on the PBS, her work in broadcasting allowed her to argue in a different medium for a distinct Palestinian, Arab, and Muslim form of religious and cultural modernism focused on women’s rights. The scripts that she wrote and broadcast demonstrate how she translated the arguments of the essays that she published in ‘silent’ Palestinian cultural magazines for ‘sounded’ delivery to a broader audience, and shed light on what cultural and religious messages the station broadcast. Khurshid’s story sheds light on the PBS’ role in establishing radio as a key platform for Arab-world intellectuals, writers and poets, and musicians and singers, as well as on how mid-century Arabic broadcasters, including women, used radio to promote culturally and religiously modernist views to listeners around the region.
Discipline
History
Media Arts
Geographic Area
Mashreq
Palestine
Sub Area
None