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Critical geopolitics and Cold War comics: Turkish narratives of identity and ideology from popular culture
Abstract
Over the past decades, geographers utilized critical theory to reposition geopolitical scholarship beyond the power politics of states, leaders, and those experts who sought to advise them. Much of today’s geopolitical research, therefore, instead interrogates the powerful, their discursive tactics, and their texts. Amid this shift, identifying and examining alternative sources and their geopolitical narratives—from mass or popular culture to graffiti and indigenous voices—has also become a vital concern. This paper draws on this emerging tradition to engage with a ubiquitous, highly political, but often disregarded cultural product in Turkish studies; the comic book. In doing so, this research begins this line of inquiry into Turkish popular culture and its geopolitical significance by focusing on one of the most common tropes of Turkish political scholarship; nationalism. This point of entry also aligns conveniently with recent scholarship on comic books from the United States and the question of nationalism protagonists. While the “nationalist superhero” of American comics of the mid-twentieth century commanded a privileged place, it was nonetheless a distinct niche in the country’s much larger catalog of comic publications and was highly subject to current events. In contrast, the Turkish equivalent occupied a dominant place in terms of the overall number of works produced and read, and its settings ranged broadly from past-to-present and throughout the wider regions of the Middle East and Eurasia. As such, the Turkish—and oftentimes Turkic—superhero appeared as a nationalist archetype that was depicted both in a primordial (e.g., Eurasian folkloric) manner and as an officer or agent of the modern republic. Focused on this mainstay Turkey’s Cold War era—the nationalist superhero, this paper draws on examples from several of the foremost publications that emerged during these years, adding to the field of popular geopolitics while contributing uniquely to broader scholarly on traditions concerned with Turkish national identity and ideology.
Discipline
Geography
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Anatolia
Central Asia
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Sub Area
None