Abstract
This paper explores popular cultural expressions in contemporary Syria
as a site of contestation between public forms of youth participation
shaped by governmental efforts and intimate practices performed among
urban youth in diversely situated contexts. These discursive links
between public forms and local practices can be historically traced to
the emergence of youth as a category for social and cultural
development according to Baathist strategies for self-determination.
In particular, state-based practices of cultural nationalism have and
continue to turn to dabke as a social dance in ways that not only
signify forms of cultural intimacy but also depend on the ascription
of symbolic resources to youth as a discursive category.
Based on ethnographic research conducted in Damascus, Aleppo,
Lattakia, and non-urban regions of Syria in 2008, this paper looks at
the aspirations of youth within comparative, and at times overlapping,
categories of students working towards professions in medicine,
dentistry, and law, and those in pursuit of artistic success in the
performing arts. In particular, I will compare the display of public
intimacy through social dance in spaces of leisure and consumption
among youth in everyday life. In what ways do expressions of popular
culture suggest aesthetic choices that obey a particular logic of
taste (Bourdieu 1984)? How is the production of taste guided by "body
techniques" (Mauss 1979) and other tactics that appropriate style
through appearance, consumption, and spectacular performances of dabke
at social events? What discursive categories emerge in relation to
differences of gender, class, and faith within these social contexts?
These intimate practices are linked to the public display of popular
culture that is changing in accordance with major shifts in cultural
policy. Working in affiliation with President Bashar al-Asad, a new
generation of cultural elite are expanding performing arts venues,
transforming existing spaces, and implementing programs that attract
youth as participants and audiences. What discourses are embedded in
these institutional practices and how do these emerge in relation to
broader contexts of social market reform, media consumption, and
cultural tourism? I will argue that Syrian national identity is
produced by popular culture expressions and representations in ways
that at once hinge upon the aspirations and desires of young people
and resignify youth as a discursive means towards developmental
resources. By offering ethnographic insights into the ways in which
Syrian youth and cultural administrators are negotiating change
through popular culture, I hope to intimate ways of being a modern
subject that brings closer particularly Syrian experiences of
belonging.
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