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Reforms for Whom? SSR Programs and Security Unions in Post-2011 Tunisia
Abstract
This presentation analyses projects carried out in the name of police reform and democratization in post-revolution Tunisia. The period following the departure of Ben Ali saw a series of readjustments within the security forces, notably following an opening to new sources of influence, emanating from security professionals organized in the form of unions or associations, or international players. Programs labelled “Good Governance of the Security Sector” or “Security Sector Reform” (SSR) supported by multilateral security organizations, mostly the EU and UNDP, increased exponentially over the 2012-2015 period. The UNDP for instance launched a community policing program in 2014, aiming to enhance citizens role in local security and police population cooperation. Another aim of the project pushed by the UNDP, is the promotion of accountability of the security forces through the adoption of a code of conduct and the creation of a deontological commission. Unsurprisingly, this second part of the project is the most problematic. We analyze the community policing project carried out by the UNDP and the Ministry of the Interior, as well as the security unions. Based on semi-directive interviews with police agents, UNPD local and international employees and collaborators, the purpose of the presentation is to show that, without profoundly modifying the structures and standards governing the police, the enhancement of relations between police and citizen carried out in the name of the reform excludes the subaltern. Newly formed police unions further reduce the specter of political change by doing lobbying work to exclude police control and accountability from SSR. Drawing on policy process studies and critical security studies, we will show how police unions emerged as major stakeholders in Tunisian SSR (Kartas, 2015). They manage, by taking over the discourses of the Security Sector Reform, to legitimize and strengthen their position as representatives of the police forces. The aim of the presentation is to analyze a process of change at work without presuming its outcome, by reinscribing it in its political temporality and the lines of tension around the definition of the terms of change within the police.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Tunisia
Sub Area
Public Policy