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The Unbearable Lightness of the State: Precarity, “Surplus Citizens” and the Limits of Acts of Citizenship
Abstract by Dr. Paola Rivetti
Coauthors: Shirin Saeidi
On Session IV-08  (Interrogating Citizenship in the Middle East)

On Wednesday, December 1 at 11:30 am

2021 Annual Meeting

Abstract
How do precarious communities enact citizenship? This paper proposes that existing studies, which focus on “practices” or “acts” of citizenship (Isin, 2008; Andrijasevic, 2013; Nyers, 2006; Walters, 2008), overlook the important role of silence in enacting citizenship. As such, this paper contends that silence—i.e., absence and revision in speech that often are intertwined with voice (Acheson, 2008; Jackson, 2012)—is rich with political power and agency. Silence both regenerates expressions of citizenship and political agency (Krause and Finn, 2018; Häkli and Kallio, 2014) as well as brings to life a politics that rarely is attributed to the imagination of the precarious. This paper finds that by connecting the political relevance of silence to its uses among precarious communities, we can unveil the political imagination of precarious communities and the “surpluses of citizenship” it produces. This contention is critical to capture how precarious communities can express “surplus” forms of citizenship that emit on a lower frequency and are not “fit” for the contexts that make them vulnerable but exist nonetheless. We unpack this argument by comparatively exploring the experiences of two precarious communities: Hizbollah activists in Iran and asylum-seekers in post-2015 Europe. This comparison draws on data collected by the authors through ethnography and participant observation with Hizbollah activists for two years between 2012 and 2014 in Iran and with asylum-seekers for six months between 2016 and 2017 in Greece. Overall, this paper responds to Lene Hansen’s (2019) call not to depict silence as a “heroic condition” but to imagine the world beyond dichotomies of act and silence. In doing so, our conception of “surpluses of citizenship” extends and challenges larger conversations about precarity and citizenship, both in and beyond the Middle East.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
None
Sub Area
None