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Governing the Family through Television: Secularism, Neoliberalism, and Islamic Broadcasting in Turkey
Abstract
Several Islamic television channels have flourished since the liberalization of the broadcasting industry in Turkey in the 1990’s. While the programming of these Islamic TV channels was initially distinctly “religious” in character, with shows aimed at educating viewers in the culture of scriptural Islam, most of these channels have started producing what they call morally and socially appropriate entertainment programs to provide a safe haven for the Turkish family in what they deem to be a degenerate media scene. An overview of the programs aired on these Islamic channels reveals that the family – more than the ritualistic and scriptural aspects of Islam – has become their main focus. There are many shows on various Islamic TV channels in which audiences are provided with guidance and techniques that will assist to cultivate conduct of themselves and their families. This paper examines the relationship between the increasing prominence placed by Islamic television channels on the family and the changing constellations of religion and secularism as well as emerging forms of governance in contemporary Turkey. It argues that the increasing prominence given by Islamic television stations to the family and its values is an indication of a) a new configuration of Islamic discursive traditions and practices along secular lines, and b) the new rationalities and technologies of governance that play a constitutive role in producing and authorizing particular forms of morality and subjectivity (Asad 1993; Mahmood 2005). A growing body of media scholarship maintains that television has become a quintessential technology of governance that endorses a neoliberal idea of citizenship by aligning TV viewers with a supply of techniques for shaping and guiding themselves and their private associations with their families (Hay 2010, Ouellette and Hay 2008). Based on a year-long ethnographic investigation of media professionals involved in Islamic television production, viewers of Islamic television stations, and state institutions that regulate broadcasting in Turkey, this paper explores how Islamic television in Turkey situates the family as the locus of a neoliberal idea of citizenship and of a modern yet Islamically appropriate lifestyle by seeking to cultivate in their viewers affects and ethical dispositions as well as knowledge and skills to administer and transform themselves, their household, and their families.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Media