This paper explores the question of how, in the 21st century, the remaining Jews and their cultural and material heritage are treated in the Kurdish regions of Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria. It also discusses the discourse on Kurdistani Jews in Kurdish society, especially in the two Kurdish-dominated autonomous regions in Iraq and in northern and eastern Syria. The paper is based on a comprehensive literature review and several field studies in Syria, Iraq, Iran and Turkey, with a focus on Syria and Iraq. In these two parts of Kurdistan, remaining Jewish cultural sites known to the local population, such as (remnants of) synagogues, cemeteries, but also houses in the former Jewish quarters, were visited. Interviews were conducted with remaining Jews or their descendants. In addition, the public discourse about the Kurdish Jews was analysed by studying media reports and books published on the subject. In the Iranian part of Kurdistan, where the last remaining Jewish community in the Kurdish-speaking region can be found, narrative interviews were also conducted with members of this community. The project, which was still a work in progress when the abstract was submitted, has so far shown very ambivalent results. On the one hand, there is great sympathy for the Jews in large parts of the Kurdish population and the disappearance of the Jewish communities, after the founding of the state of Israel, is understood by many as a loss. On the other hand, hardly anything is being done to preserve the Jewish cultural heritage. In no part of Kurdistan today is there a Jewish museum. At least the most recently abandoned synagogues in Qamişlo and Sine were not destroyed and one synagogue in the Chaldean town of al-Qosh in the disputed territories of Iraq was recently renovated. Attempts to reorganise a Jewish community in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have so far been hindered for fear of negative reactions. On the other hand, in 2017, in the run-up to the referendum on Kurdistan's independence, a small group of self-proclaimed Kurdish Jews were partially instrumentalised to win support for a diverse independent Kurdistan among the international public. This shows an instrumental approach to the Kurdistani Jews among the political elites.