Since October 7, 2024, numerous scholars and students have encountered mounting institutional pressure stemming from their pro-Palestinian activism and advocacy. This trend has been paralleled by a concerning escalation of Islamophobia across Europe, manifesting in discriminatory rhetoric and policies disproportionately affecting Arab and Muslim communities. Regrettably, this issue has transcended borders, extending its reach into Spain, despite the country's historical support for pro-Palestinian movements and the significant role civil society organizations have traditionally played in shaping public discourse. In Spain, the rise of Islamophobic and anti-migrant narratives has contributed to the exacerbation of discriminatory attitudes and political polarization, intersecting with discussions on various social justice issues such as gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and efforts to counter hate speech and hate crimes. Civil society organizations (CSOs), once integral to academic debate and political dialogue, now find themselves increasingly isolated, amplifying tensions between institutions and marginalized communities. Furthermore, the media's portrayal of Arab communities often perpetuates biased perspectives, further complicating efforts to foster inclusive discourse. This paper seeks to delve into the Spanish context, examining it across multiple levels of analysis, from national policies to local dynamics. It will explore the intricate relationship between academic institutions and CSOs, shedding light on the challenges faced by scholars and activists engaged in Palestinian studies or related fields within Spanish universities. By addressing these issues, the paper aims to stimulate critical reflection and dialogue, fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding academic freedom and social justice in contemporary Spain