Abstract
“Iran is our homeland and we must strive for its progress and greatness” reads the headline of an October, 1945 article from the Iranian Jewish newspaper ‘Alam-e Yahud (The Jewish World). In the article, its Jewish author exhorts his coreligionists to work with non-Jewish Iranians to bring about Iran’s “greatness.” Similarly, a May, 1946 article titled, “We are also Iranians and we have rights in this home” in the Iranian Jewish newspaper Israil argues that Jews, who had been living in Iran for over two thousand years, “have known themselves to be Iranian and have always fought shoulder to shoulder with the rest of their compatriots to achieve the … well-being of Iran.” In the conclusion of this article, its author proclaims: “today Jews sincerely extend their hands to their beloved compatriots with the expectation that they will take our hands in a brotherly fashion.” These patriotic declarations, and appeals to Iran’s Jews and non-Jews to collaborate with one another, are common features of Iranian Jewish newspapers in the mid-twentieth century.
In my paper I explore a few prevalent themes in the articles of two Tehran-based Iranian Jewish newspapers that were published in the ten years following the end of World War II. In addition to professing their loyalty to Iran, the authors of these articles focus on issues of antisemitism (both in Iran and abroad), and the professional and social limitations Jews were facing in Iran. I demonstrate that despite expressing dissatisfaction with their lot as minorities, Jewish authors in these two newspapers felt emboldened enough to directly challenge the anti-Jewish rhetoric that some Muslim Iranian authors were espousing in the Iranian press. At the same time, these Jewish authors also encourage Jews to interact and collaborate with non-Jewish Iranians, and they repeatedly refer to Muslim Iranians as their “brethren.”
Through the examination of several Persian-language newspaper articles, with the addition of archival material in French, Hebrew, and English, I contend that Jewish authors were able to claim membership to the Iranian nation through these newspaper articles, by arguing that they were just as Iranian as their non-Jewish compatriots. In other words, these newspapers served as platforms for Iranian Jews to declare their belonging to the nation and to demand access to certain rights as fully-fledged Iranian citizens.
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