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From Aintab to Aleppo: Joseph Booth and the Exodus of the Mormon-Armenian Community Post-WWI
Abstract
In 1898, Joseph Booth, native of Utah, was called to be a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) and proselyte among the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire’s provinces of Aintab, Aleppo, and Adana. He spent over 17 years in the Ottoman and post-Ottoman world working with a group of Mormon Armenians from 1898-1909 and 1922-1928. Booth kept a daily journal of his time in the Middle East totaling over 600,000 words! This ego document records much of his personal struggles and faith, but also captured interactions with local officials and other Western missionaries and much about the local communities and ways of life that are mostly lost to history. His is the unique perspective of the events leading up to the destruction and dismemberment of the empire, the Armenian Genocide, and their direct impact on the Mormon-Armenian community. He was pulled out of the Ottoman Empire in 1909 in the wake of the Adana Massacres and was not able to return until after the Great War. Upon his return to the new Middle East in 1922 he found what was left of his community in ruins concentrated in Aintab. With the settling of the Turkish War of Independence, the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, and the granting control of Aintab to the newly formed Republic of Turkey, Joseph Booth decided to move his congregation from Turkish-held Aintab to French controlled Aleppo in the Syrian Mandate. Booth and his community’s rapid exodus came out of fear that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's new government would continue the wholescale destruction of Armenians within the newly formed Turkish Republic. This presentation investigates the state of the Mormon-Armenian community in the wake of the Armenian Genocide and dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, especially in light of the rise of the Republic of Turkey and its policies towards minority populations. Notwithstanding the promises of the Treaty of Lausanne to protect Christian minority populations, the Mormon-Armenians of Aintab chose to become refugees and flee to Aleppo in what they hoped would be a safer environment under French Mandate protection. This choice to flee (self-referenced as Exodus) represents the fears of a traumatized community, Judeo-Christian tradition of the Hebrew Exodus from Egypt, and deeply held Mormon precedent that a community must flee overwhelming persecution and find shelter elsewhere as they fled the United States to Mexican territory (Utah) in the 1840s.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries