The demise of Leader Qaddafi's regime in 2011 had negative consequences for security structures in North Africa and the Sahel. This paper examines the interrelatedness of security questions in North Africa and the Sahel, arguing that the region is fluid and dynamic and needs to be understood in this context. Particular attention will be given to arms flows, marginalization of the Tuareg, water resource management, uranium and petroleum mining, and movement of labor.