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The Iranian Government’s (Mis)Use of Apocalyptic Rhetoric
Abstract
This paper aims to present a growing trend in the Islamic Republic of Iran that is localized amongst the ruling elite and their supporters. In the past few years, there has been a discernable rise in apocalyptic rhetoric, especially following the much disputed 2009 presidential elections. The events in 2009 should be analyzed in tandem with the unique concept of vil?yat-i faq?h (“Guardianship of the Jurist”). Theorized and implemented by Ayatollah Khomeini (d. 1989) after 1979, this system of rulership has been confronted by escalated opposition, thus hampering its legitimacy. The popular unrest it has subsequently engendered reached a violent peak after the disputed re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009. The aggressive public reproach against the highest echelons of state power has been famously coined the Green Movement. Faced with increasing public hostility towards the person of Ayatollah Khamenei (current Iranian supreme spiritual leader or val?-i faq?h) and critical discontent, the state is continually searching for ways to strengthen its legitimacy by arguing for the val?-i faq?h’s indispensability. To this effect, the marked increase in the apocalyptic and religious rhetoric that is employed by state-sanctioned media agencies can be associated with the regime’s discovery of a stabilizing ideological system. This rhetoric publicizes and endorses an increased propinquity between the val?-i faq?h and Imam-i Zam?n (the Twelfth or Hidden Imam). To achieve this end, the government and its supporters have been promoting and propagating this ideology by saturating their rhetoric and references to Khamenei with language specific to Imam-i Zam?n. Messages associated with this logic have been broadcasted through: newspapers, journals, websites, weblogs, television, sermons, and other mediums. This paper will examine the apocalyptic language deployed through various state-sanctioned mediums. In the process, an application of Foucault's theory of governmentality and Gramsci’s concept of hegemony will help clarify matters. Through applying these theories to the Iranian context, it will be argued that by heightening its apocalyptic rhetoric, the regime is implicitly aligning the idea of Imam-i Zam?n with val?-i faq?h in order to strengthen the legitimacy of the regime and gain control over disgruntled segments of society. In addition, this paper will attempt to examine whether any limitations will be encountered while applying Gramsci’s and Foucault's theories to the current case of Iran.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Iran
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries