As Turkey’s economy has liberalized over the last 25 years, the Turkish middle class has expanded to include new populations, such as religiously devout entrepreneurs, who were once largely excluded from Turkey’s economy. This new religious bourgeoisie has generally accepted the neoliberal narrative that links economic success to individual effort, yet they have also maintained the belief that prosperity is ultimately the result of God’s blessings (ihsan), which must be repaid through charitable deeds. The Hizmet (“service”) movement, founded by followers of the Turkish theologian, Fethullah Gülen, is a rapidly expanding philanthropic organization that provides pious affluent Turks with a well-organized outlet for their pent-up charitable impulses. Based on ethnographic research among Hizmet members in Turkey and the U.S., this paper will discuss how Gülen’s teachings on economic activity and social responsibility have encouraged the giving of charity beyond the minimum required by Islamic law (zakat). His teachings have also promoted the idea among his followers that individual financial success may serve as forms of worship by which one may gain God’s reward in this life and the next. In order to “purify” wealth and transform it into religious merit, the believer must maintain proper intension (niyet) in which all activities, including economic activities, are conducted with devotion to God. An affluent individual must also repay God’s beneficence with beneficence to society. While the movement provides traditional opportunities for charitable giving, Gülen’s teachings also urge followers to turn wealth production itself into a philanthropic activity. In order to accomplish this, movement members have formed international trade and business networks, as well as centers of Islamic banking and investment, in which profits are expected to be turned to socially beneficial ends. For example, devout businessmen may bypass more lucrative financial opportunities in order to invest in businesses in poor countries both to help develop the local economy and eventually to make a profit. Such activities—which are ideally sanctified by the devotion and benevolence of the economic actors—blur the line between non-profit and for-profit business and between charitable and commercial pursuits.