What are the social barriers to female labor force participation (FLFP) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and how can they best be overcome? In most MENA countries, employment for both females and males is constrained by educational and economic opportunity, making it difficult to observe and understand the independent influence of non-economic obstacles to FLFP such as family opposition or women’s fear of the social costs of working outside the home. To gain empirical leverage on these questions, we study public attitudes toward FLFP in a setting where the state effectively guarantees employment but where the rate of female labor force participation nonetheless reaches only half that among male citizens: the ultra-wealthy Arab Gulf state of Qatar. We implement a nationally representative telephone survey probing the character and motivations of individual resistance to FLFP. Then, in a follow-up survey of the same respondents, we test and compare the efficacy of two types of interventions in changing attitudes toward FLFP in Qatar: first, a “tailored” informational treatment that addresses the specific concerns reported by a respondent; and, second, a more general, uniform “public service announcement” regarding overall societal support for FLFP.