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Examining the Work of Ideology in the Educational Domain: Language Attitudes and Use among Moroccan Youth
Abstract by Dr. Brahim Chakrani On Session 031  (The Politics of Language)

On Sunday, November 18 at 8:30 am

2012 Annual Meeting

Abstract
This paper investigates how the ideology of modernity affects language attitudes, stratification, and use among Moroccan youth. The sociolinguistic situation in Morocco offers a unique venue for investigating how linguistic codes, be they exogenous or endogenous, are continually contesting their presence in the educational domain. Results of the data from a language attitudes questionnaire, administered in four Moroccan colleges, shows that the relationship between languages and their use in the educational domain is stratified based on socioeconomic class membership. This domain provides a clear picture of a socially-divided and class-fragmented Morocco, wherein the ability to access socioeconomic prosperity is subsumed under an elitist education, regimented through the ‘perfect’ acquisition and use of French, and increasingly, English. At the heart of the stratification of languages in Morocco exists the work of the ideology of modernity. Through global capital discourses, this ideology laminates science, its powerhouse, with Western languages. The post-colonial effort to decolonize the Moroccan mind is being actively undermined by the propagation of the ideology of modernity, in a globalized context, which safeguards an elitist distribution of language use, as well as a stark polarization of language attitudes. Such a dichotomy between SA-taught and a French-taught educational spheres has reinforced the linguistic divide between socioeconomic classes in Morocco. As a result, this dichotomy, propagated by the ideology of modernity, has safeguarded privileged positions for the ruling elite, as well as those of metropolitan countries (Ricento 2000). The educational domain is “intricately bound to long-standing and continuing struggles over political sovereignty, soci-economic improvement, and cultural authenticity” (Abi-Mershed 2010: 5). In fact, language policies in Morocco are instituted to help further the divide and deepen the linguistic boundaries and social disparities between the elite and non-elite speech communities. Therefore, multilingualism in Morocco does not present us with an equitable division of labor and representation of these different codes. Given that the ideology of modernity propagates the belief in science to affect social change (Bauman and Briggs 2003), this ideology and the languages policies in ‘modern’ Morocco relegate local languages to the domain of the cultural, thus undermining their presence in vital, scientific, technological, and business sectors. With the continuous asymmetry present in the Moroccan multilingual space, socioeconomic privileges and overt prestige are constantly injected in solidifying the dominance of the transplanted code, French, and potentially, that of English.
Discipline
Linguistics
Geographic Area
Morocco
Sub Area
Sociolinguistics