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Developing the Peri-urban: Slow City, Slow Food, and Women’s Entrepreneurship in Seferihisar, Turkey
Abstract
Since the 1980s, agriculture and food sector in Turkey has been undergoing an intense process of restructuring which witnessed the transition from a figure of the peasantry under the aegis of the state to farmers producing for the market economy. The rationale behind this transformation stemmed from the original neoliberal critique of state-led interventionist policies in the agricultural sector which resulted in lack of innovation, inefficiencies, over-bureaucratization, and the existence of corruption. Since 1999, the Turkish state has introduced institutional changes to ensure the unhindered internationalization of Turkish agriculture, resulting in increased impoverishment of the rural masses and the abandonment of agriculture by small- and medium-sized households with a concomitant exodus to urban centers. What is not discussed in the growing literature tracing the socio-economic effects of this transformation is the rise of peri-urban spaces in Turkey as alternatives to ongoing neoliberalization of both Turkish economy and Turkish life. For the purposes of this paper, peri-urban areas will refer to transition zones where urban and rural uses of land mix and inform each other. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and archival research conducted in Seferihisar, Turkey and its peri-urban environs during the summers of 2017-2019, this paper argues that various implementations of the slow city criteria in peri-urban spaces in Seferihisar Turkey provides an alternative way of life and production directly challenging the neoliberalization of both Turkish economy and social life. This is done by showcasing and investing in female entrepreneurship, an all-female owned and operated agricultural cooperative and producers’ markets. Additionally, the peri-urban represents a form of resistance that stands against the fast-paced, corrupt and environmentally unfriendly urbanization in Turkey through embracing slow food, slow living and slow tourism. However, as the paper will show, the benefits of living in these peri-urban spaces are not shared evenly among the occupants, as affinity with local governance affects access to resources and connections. Ironically, these peri-urban spaces face the problem of becoming a part of the neoliberal development narrative instead of an alternative due to the fact that that their rising desirability and worth result in uneven commercial and private development schemes as well as increased tourism and migration.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Middle East/Near East Studies