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Syria’s Cyber Authoritarianism: the Battle Over and Through “Online” Narratives
Abstract by Mr. Mohammed Kadalah On Session XII-17  (Navigating Online Worlds)

On Thursday, October 15 at 01:30 pm

2020 Annual Meeting

Abstract
The Syrian Uprising witnessed the influential role of online platforms in spreading news in a tightly-censored country. The arrival of the internet brought new state censorship measures. In an interview in 2018, Cybersecurity expert Dlshad Othman said, “Censorship capabilities have been in place since Syria got internet” (Clark). The state owns the internet infrastructure and imposes strict rules on the private providers regarding filtering and blocking content. In the 2011 uprising, Syrian activists utilized Facebook, YouTube, etc. to spread the news and inform the outside world about the regime’s violence. The regime, in contrast, employed similar steps to mainstream its own version of news that targeted its supporters, that it was fighting armed terrorists. While many reports document the regime’s control of the internet, there is little information which articulate that in the larger historical and political contexts. I ask: how does cyber censorship in Syria promote the regime’s narrative about the uprising? How can we situate the implementation of cyber censorship within the larger historical and political contexts? I will discuss how regime exploits the internet as an authoritative, punitive tool not only to control news flow but also to maintain consistent propaganda narratives that target primarily its supporters. I argue that while activists used the internet to inform, the regime used it to control. Both parties targeted different audiences for different purposes. Blocking the flow of information from websites such as al-Jazeera, al-Arabiya, etc. is itself a manifestation of the regime’s intentions to allow little to no room for narratives that might intervene with its supporters’ loyalty. Hannah Arendt notes that, “whenever totalitarianism possesses absolute control, it replaces propaganda with indoctrination and uses violence not so much to frighten people… as to realize constantly its ideological doctrines and its practical lies” (Arendt 333). In 2018, Assad issued Decree no. 9, which orders to establish courts in every governorate to look into telecommunication and online crimes (SANA). My paper will explain the process and connection between cyber authoritarian practices and the creation & dissemination of propaganda narratives. It will offer an insight into the regime’s powerful ability to secure loyalty among its supporters. Arendt, Hannah. The Origins Of Totalitarianism. Harcourt Brace, 1951. Clark, Justin. "Cyber Attacks And Surveillance In Assad’S Syria: ‘They Can Do Whatever They Want, They Own The Infrastructure’". Syria Direct, 2018, shorturl.at/gzOV3. Accessed 6 Feb 2020. Syrian Arab News Agency: https://www.sana.sy/?p=730729.
Discipline
Media Arts
Geographic Area
Syria
Sub Area
None