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Mount Lebanon as an Emergent Secular Nationalist Imaginary in Postcolonial Lebanon
Abstract
Mount Lebanon holds an unparalleled position in the nationalist imaginary of the Republic of Lebanon since independence in 1943. Even though the nation-state of Lebanon arose out of the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, nationalist discourse relied upon an imaginary of Mount Lebanon as a historical entity stretching back centuries. Resultantly, earlier political entities such as the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate and the Mount Lebanon Emirate formed a linear narrative of nationalist development that collapsed the diverse and heterogeneous histories of Mount Lebanon into a singular one. Emerging from this historicized imaginary were constellations of geography and narratives of a nation-state rooted in Mount Lebanon that also encompassed nearby areas without needing to rely on other potential nationalist projects. Due to the exigencies of the French Mandate, the Maronite and Druze oriented focuses of the Mount Lebanon region faded away to be replaced by an ersatz pluralism that secularized histories formerly imbued with religious components. This paper explores the development and deployment of Mount Lebanon as an imagined space in the nationalist discourse. Using political speeches from the years following independence, I interrogate how the imaginary of Mount Lebanon became reified to represent the Republic of Lebanon. The tension generated by a state guided by a constitution guaranteeing equality of its citizenry and a National Pact doing the opposite via sectarian quotas made the narrative of a non-sectarian Mount Lebanon all the more pertinent. Therefore, presidents and parliamentarians would narrate stories of Mount Lebanon as a proto-Lebanese state fighting foreign occupiers and positioned cultural components of the region as representative of the nation at large. Politicians deployed a Mount Lebanon without sectarian components to craft a communal history for the young state distinct from its neighbors. Likewise, these speeches extricated Mount Lebanon from its integration into the wider region by focusing on an imagined communal history that necessitated inclusion of coastal regions. Through interrogating the ways in which an imagined Mount Lebanon emerged as a nationalist symbol, my paper builds on and engages with the literature that situates the historicity and ideology of the nation as a political project.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
None