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The question of Hybridization of Genres: A Case Study of the ?ehn?me-i N?dir?
Abstract
One of the most important cultural and artistic developments in the sixteenth century Ottoman Empire was the establishment of post of ?ehn?meci (Writers of Book of Kings). This was adapted from the Persian Sh?hn?meh of Firdawsi in order to narrate the heroism of their sultans and pashas in the frontier battles. Prior to the establishment of this post, Ottoman historians and literary elites utilized the genres: t?ri? (chronicle) and ?az?n?me (war account). However, when Ottoman expansion ended in the early seventeenth century, the ?ehn?me genre as well as the ?ehn?meci position were abandoned. The seventeenth century Ottoman poet/court historian ?an?z?de N?dir? was one of the last to hold the ?ehn?meci position, and the manuscript of his work indicates the transition away from the ?ehn?me genre. N?dir? provides the title ?ehn?me-i N?dir? on the first page, but then calls it ?afern?me-i N?dir? on the second. This perceived inconsistency that N?dir?'s manuscript displays can be attributed to its formal and thematic features. Borrowing technical aspects, such as motifs and rhyming patterns, from the Persian Sh?hn?meh genre, N?dir? treats the military victory of the army, which is characteristic of the ?afern?me genre. The question of why N?dir? mixed these genres is the motivation for this paper. ?ehn?me-i N?dir? will be discussed in relation to classic ?afern?me, ?az?n?me, and chronicles. The inconsistency of N?dir? will be examined in both the context of the political turmoil during the reign of Osman II (1618-22) as well as in the context of the genre-hybridization of literature and historiography. While doing so, this paper will examine the ?ehn?me-i N?dir? in terms of its unique historical information for the eastern and northern frontier of the Ottoman Empire, especially Iran and the northern Black Sea region during the 1600s. I also will discuss the reliability of this manuscript as an historical source in the light of other relevant primary sources on the early 17th-century Ottoman Empire.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
None
Sub Area
13th-18th Centuries