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Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes: Ibadis between the Maghrib and Ottoman Cairo
Abstract
In the heart of Ottoman Cairo, a small community of Maghribi Ibadi Muslims operated a trade agency, school, and library known as the Buffalo Agency for over three centuries. From the 17th to the mid-20th centuries, the Agency served as a conduit for Maghribi Ibadis to travel to Egypt for study, commerce, and pilgrimage. This paper explores the lives of Ibadis passing through the Buffalo Agency in the 17th and 18th centuries to show how the experience of living, working, and studying in Sunni-majority Ottoman Egypt in turn led to change back home in the Maghrib. Operating as traders and itinerant scholars in the Ottoman world in these centuries brought Ibadis into everyday contact with non-Ibadis and non-Muslims throughout the empire. Ibadi communities established themselves in Ottoman port cities like Tunis, Tripoli, Alexandria, Izmir, and Istanbul as well as in important trade centers like Cairo and Mecca. The result was a well-connected network comparable to those of Sephardic Jews and other religious minority communities in the Mediterranean. Like those communities, Ibadis adapted to their surroundings but were also transformed by their experiences. For Ibadis living at the Buffalo Agency in Cairo, doing business with non-Ibadis in Egyptian towns and cities, adjudicating their affairs in Cairene and Alexandrian courts, and studying alongside their Sunni coreligionists at the al-Azhar Mosque all contributed to small but significant transformations of Ibadi life back in the Maghrib, as the effects of those experiences reverberated along the channels of communication linking different Ibadi communities. Using examples from the careers of Ibadis from the island of Djerba (Tunisia) the paper presents examples of the changes that the Cairo experience brought to the legal and intellectual world of Ibadis in their Maghribi homeland.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Maghreb
Sub Area
13th-18th Centuries